THE SECOND COMMANDMENT : "Thou shalt not take the name of the lord thy God in vain"
第二诫命：不可妄呼上主你天主的名；
Why This Commandment Is Distinct From The First
为何本诫命与第一诫不同
The second Commandment of the divine law is necessarily comprised in the first, which commands us to worship God in piety and holiness For he who requires that honour be paid him, also requires that he be spoken of with reverence, and must forbid the contrary, as is clearly shown by these words of the Lord in Malachy: The son honoureth the father and the servant his master if then I be a father, where is my honour?
神圣法律的第二条诫命是必须被包括在第一条诫命当中的，要求我们用虔诚和圣洁来朝拜天主。因为祂要求荣耀祂，也要求人们尊重的论及祂，但禁止人们做相违背的事，同时天主借先知的口清楚的说：儿子应孝敬父亲，仆人应敬畏主人。但如果我是父亲，对我的孝敬在那里？（马拉基亚1:6）
However, on account of the importance of the obligation, God wished to make the law, which commands His own divine and most holy name to be honoured, a distinct Commandment, expressed in the clearest and simplest terms.
然而，由于这个责任的重要性，天主愿意为此事制定单独一条法律，命令人们要用最清晰和最简洁的词语来光荣祂的圣名。
Importance Of Instruction On This Commandment
关于本条诫命训导的重要性
The above observation should strongly convince the pastor that on this point it is not enough to speak in general terms; that the importance of the subject is such as to require it to be dwelt upon at considerable length, and to be explained to the faithful in all its bearings with distinctness, clearness and accuracy.
上述评论应该强烈使牧者确信，笼统的论述本论点是远远不够的，本主题的重要性要求用相当长的篇幅论述，并用鲜明的，清晰的和准确的方法解释给信友。
This diligence cannot be deemed superfluous, since there are not wanting those who are so blinded by the darkness of error as not to dread to blaspheme His name, whom the Angels glorify. Men are not deterred by the Commandment laid down from shamelessly and daringly outraging Him divine Majesty every day, or rather every hour and moment of the day. Who is ignorant that every assertion is accompanied with an oath and teems with curses and imprecations? To such lengths has this impiety been carried, that there is scarcely anyone who buys, or sells, or transacts business of any sort, without having recourse to swearing, and who, even in matters the most unimportant and trivial, does not profane the most holy name of God thousands of times.
这种努力不应被认为是多余的，因为这世上从不缺乏被错误的黑暗导致盲目的人，他们不怕亵渎祂的名，这名正是天神光荣的。每天，人们并没有被这条诫命所阻止，依然毫无羞愧的，胆大妄为的伤害祂神性的威严，甚至在一天里的每时每刻。是谁这么无知，不知道每个坚持己见的断言都伴随着一个誓言，产生出诅咒和谴责？这种不虔诚达到了如此的程度，以至很少有人在买卖或者任何商业交易的时候做到不发誓的，甚至在非常不重要的琐事上，不千百次的滥用天主的至圣圣名的。
It therefore becomes more imperative on the pastor not to neglect, carefully and frequently, to admonish the faithful how grievous and detestable is this crime.
因此，要求牧者不要忽视，应仔细的和频繁的劝诫信友这个罪是多么重大和可憎，这个任务就变得非常必要的。
Positive Part of this Commandment
本诫命的肯定部分
But in the exposition of this Commandment it should first be shown that besides a negative, it also contains a positive precept, commanding the performance of a duty. To each of these a separate explanation should be given; and for the sake of easier exposition what the Commandment requires should be first set forth, and then what it forbids. It commands us to honour the name of God, and to swear by it with reverence. It prohibits us to contemn the divine name, to take it in vain, or swear by it falsely, unnecessarily or rashly.
在解释本诫命时，首先有必要指出，除了一个否定句外，还包含一个肯定句，命令了一个职责的履行。这两部分都要分别给出解释；为了更容易的给出解释，因此应阐述本诫命做了什么要求，之后才是禁止了什么。本诫命命令我们荣耀天主之名，用天主之名发誓时要尊敬。还禁止我们蔑视神之名，妄呼之，或者用祂的名发假誓，发不必要的誓或轻率发誓等。
In the part which commands us to honour the name of God, the command, as the pastor should show the faithful, is not directed to the letters or syllables of which that name is composed, or in any respect to the mere name; but to the meaning of a word used to express the Omnipotent and Eternal Majesty of the Godhead, Trinity in Unity Hence we easily infer the superstition of those among the Jews who, while they hesitated not to write, dared not to pronounce the name of God, as if the divine power consisted in the four letters, and not in the signification.
在这要求我们荣耀天主名的命令部分里，这个命令与天主名的字母或音节都没有关系，跟名字的任何一个方面都没有关系；而是使用词语的意义有关系，即用什么词来表达全能永生的天主三位一体的奥迹。因此我们可以很容易的推导出，在犹太人中存在着迷信，他们犹豫着不敢写，也害怕念出天主的名字，好像这神的力量存在与这四个字母里，而不在字母所代表的含义中。
Although this Commandment uses the singular number, Thou shalt not take the name of God, this is not to be understood to refer to any one name, but to every name by which God is generally designated For He is called by many names, such as the Lord, the Almighty, the Lord of hosts, the King of kings, the Strong, and by others of similar nature, which we meet in Scripture and which are all entitled to the same and equal veneration.
尽管本诫命使用了单数名称，你不应妄呼上主你天主的名，这不应被理解仅指天主的任何一个名称，而是指天主被赋予的所有名称。因为有很多名称称呼祂，例如上主，全能者，万军之主，万王之王，强有力者，以及其他类似的名称，我们在圣经中可以看到，这些称呼都被给与了相同相等的尊重。
Various Ways Of Honouring God's Name
荣耀天主之名的不同方式
It should next be taught how due honour is to be given to the name of God Christians, whose tongues should constantly celebrate the divine praises, are not to be ignorant of a matter so important, indeed, most necessary to salvation The name of God may be honoured in a variety of ways; but all may be reduced to those that follow.
接下来，应该教导如何给天主之名应得之荣耀。基督徒们的唇舌应持续的歌颂对神的赞扬，不应对如此重要的事物无知，实际上这是救恩的最必要事。天主之名可以通过许多方式被荣耀，但是都应被归纳为以下几种。
Public Profession Of Faith
公开的宣认信仰
In the first place, God's name is honoured when we publicly and confidently confess Him to be our Lord and our God; and when we acknowledge and also proclaim Christ to be the author of our salvation.
首先，当我们公开的，自信的宣认祂是我们的上主天主时，承认基督时我们救恩的作者时，天主之名就被荣耀了。
Respect For The Word Of God
尊重天主的话
(It is also honoured) when we pay a religious attention to the word of God, which announces to us His will; make it the subject of our constant meditation; and strive by reading or hearing it, according to our respective capacities and conditions of life, to become acquainted with it.
当我们虔诚的关注天主对我们宣布祂意志的言语时，使祂的话成为我们默想的主题，努力的阅读或者聆听时，依据我们个人的能力和生活的条件去努力熟悉它们时，就是荣耀天主之名。
Praise And Thanksgiving
赞扬和感恩
Again, we honour and venerate the name of God, when, from a sense of religious duty, we celebrate His praises, and under all circumstances, whether prosperous or adverse, return Him unbounded thanks Thus spoke the Prophet Bless the Lord, O my soul, and never forget all he hath done for thee. Among the Psalms of David there are many, in which, animated with singular piety towards God, he chants in sweetest strains the divine praises There is also the example of the admirable patience of Job, who, when visited with the heaviest and most appalling calamities, never ceased, with lofty and unconquered soul, to give praise to God When, therefore, we labour under affliction of mind or body, when oppressed by misery and misfortune, let us instantly direct all our thoughts, and all the powers of our souls, to the praises of God, saying with Job Blessed be the name of the Lord.
再次，当我们在任何情况下，无论顺境逆境，出于虔诚信仰的责任，歌颂祂赞扬祂时，以无尽的感恩回报祂时，就是在荣耀和尊重天主之名。因此先知说：我的灵魂，请向上主赞颂，请你不要忘记他的恩宠。（圣咏103:2）在达味的圣咏中，有许多的篇章充满了对天主的单独的虔诚，他用最甜蜜的曲调唱出了对天主的赞颂。还有约伯那令人钦崇的耐心作为例子，当朋友在他遭受最严重最痛苦的灾难时拜访他，他的崇高的不被征服的灵魂，从未停止赞美天主。因此，当我们在肉体或精神受到折磨辛苦劳作时，被不幸和悲惨压迫时，让我们立刻调整我们所有的想法和灵魂所有的力量去赞美天主，与约伯一起说：愿上主之名永受赞美。
Prayer
祈祷
The name of God is not less honoured when we confidently invoke His assistance, either to relieve us from our afflictions, or to give us constancy and strength to endure them with fortitude This is in accordance with the Lord's own wishes Call upon me, He says, in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me.
当我们充满信心的祈求天主的帮助时，天主之名的荣耀丝毫没有减少，无论时求缓解我们所受的折磨时，或者求赐给我们坚持和力量来坚毅的忍受折磨时。这与上主的愿望完全一致。祂说：并在困厄的时日，呼号我，我必拯救你，你要光荣我。（圣咏50:15）
We have illustrious examples of such supplications in many passages of Scripture, and especially in the
sixteenth, forty-third, and one hundred and eighteenth Psalms.
在圣经中，我们有许多这样呼求上主的杰出例子，特别时在第十六、四十三和一百一十八圣咏中。
Oaths
誓言
Finally, we honour the name of God when we solemnly call upon Him to witness the truth of what we assert. This mode of honouring God's name differs much from those already- enumerated. Those means are in their own nature so good, so desirable, that our days and nights could not be more happily or more holily spent than in such practices of piety. I will bless the Lord at all times, says David, his praise shall be always in my mouth.
最后，当我们郑重呼求天主来见证我们宣称的事实时，我们就是在光荣天主之名。这种荣耀天主之名的方式与之前已经列举过的方式不一样。那些方式的内在本质是如此的好，如此的可取，若我们的每天每夜都以这种虔诚来度过的话，没有什么更幸福和更圣洁的了。达味说：我必要时时赞美上主，对他的赞颂常在我口。（圣咏34:2）
On the other hand, although oaths are in themselves good, their frequent use is by no means praiseworthy.
另一方面，尽管誓言自身是好的，但是频繁发誓无论如何是不值得赞扬的。
The reason of this difference is that oaths have been instituted only as remedies to human frailty, and a necessary means of establishing the truth of what we assert. As it is inexpedient to have recourse to medicine unless, when it becomes necessary, and as its frequent use is harmful; so with regard to oaths, it is not profitable to have recourse to them, unless there is a weighty and just cause; and frequent recurrence to them, far from being advantageous, is on the contrary highly prejudicial. Hence the excellent observation of St Chrysostom, Oaths were introduced among men, not at the beginning of the world, but long after; when vice had spread far and wide over the earth; when all things were disturbed and universal confusion reigned out; when, to complete human depravity, almost all mankind debased the dignity of their nature by the degrading service of idols. Then at length it was that the custom of oaths was introduced. For the perfidy and wickedness of men was so great that it was with difficulty that anyone could be induced to credit the assertion of another, and they began to call on God as a witness.
造成这个区别的原因是，设立誓言仅是人类软弱性的药物，是一个我们宣称真相的必要办法。因为，长期依赖药物是不相称的，除非有必要，长期频繁用药是有害的；所以，有关誓言，依赖他们是没有益处的，除非有相当和正当的原因。频繁的重复誓言，不仅远离任何好处，相反高度有害。因此，圣金口若望的卓越评论说：发誓被引进人类，并非从这个世界的一开始，而是很长时间以后；当邪恶广泛深远的散布在全世界后；万事原初的和谐都被混乱，普遍的困惑统治了大地；当几乎所有的人类都因可耻的为偶像服务而降低了人类本性的尊严，实现了人类的整体堕落。最后，发誓的习惯才被发明出来。因为人的欺诈和邪恶如此严重，以致任何人都无法信任他人的断言，他们开始呼求天主作为证人。
Meaning Of An Oath
一个誓言的意义
Since in explaining this part of the Commandment the chief object is to teach the faithful how to render an oath reverential and holy, it is first to be observed, that to swear, whatever the form of words may be, is nothing else than to call God to witness; thus to say, God is witness, and By God, mean one and the same thing.
在解释诫命的这部分时，首要目标是教导信友如何以尊重的神圣的态度发一个誓言。首先要遵守的，是无论誓言的形式如何，发誓就是呼求天主当作见证的行为，就是说，天主是见证人，或者说通过天主，这是相同的。
To swear by creatures, such as the holy Gospels, the cross, the names or relics of the Saints, and so on, in order to prove our statements, is also to take an oath Of themselves, it is true, such objects give no weight or authority to an oath; it is God Himself who does this, whose divine majesty shines forth in them Hence to swear by the Gospel is to swear by God Himself, whose truth is contained and revealed in the Gospel (This holds equally true with regard to those who swear) by the Saints, who are the temples of God, who believed the truth of His Gospel, were faithful in its observance, and spread it far and wide among the nations and peoples.
通过被造物宣誓，例如福音，十字架，圣人的名字或遗物等等，也是一个从它们而来的誓言。的确，这种物件对誓言没有任何的影响或权威。然而这是天主亲自做的，是祂的神圣威严在它们之中闪耀。因此，通过福音书宣誓，就是通过天主祂自己宣誓，因为天主的真理被包含和揭示在其中。同样的，借着圣人宣誓也是如此，圣人们是天主的殿堂，他们相信祂福音的真理，他们虔诚的遵守并传播真理到地极。
This is also true of oaths uttered by way of execration, such as that of St Paul I call God to witness upon my soul. By this form of oath one submits himself to God's judgment, who is the avenger of falsehood We do not, however, deny that some of these forms may be used without constituting an oath; but even in such cases it will be found useful to observe what has been said with regard to an oath, and to conform exactly to the same rule and standard.
通过谴责的方式也可以发誓，例如圣保禄一世说，求天主于我灵魂做见证。这种方式的发誓，就把他自己提交给天主的审判中，祂要对一切虚假进行报复。然而我们认可这种形式不可以当作发誓，但是有时候，在完全符合誓言的规则和标准时，通过这形式也是很有用的。
Oaths Are Affirmatory And Promissory
誓言是确定和承诺的
Oaths are of two kinds The first is an affirmatory oath, and is taken when we religiously affirm anything, past or present. Such was the affirmation of the Apostle in his Epistle to the Galatians: Behold, before God, I lie not.
誓言有两种。第一种是肯定的誓言，当我们虔信的确定当前发生的或曾经发生的某事。宗徒
说：我给你们写的都是真的，我在天主前作证，我决没有说谎。（迦拉达书1:20）就是例子。
The second kind, to which comminations may be reduced, is called promissory It looks to the future, and is taken when we promise and affirm for certain that such or such a thing will be done Such was the oath of David, who, swearing by the Lord his God, promised to Bethsabee his wife that her son Solomon should be heir to his kingdom and successor to his throne.
第二种被称为承诺的誓言，对此天主的警告会被减弱。这誓言关注将来，当我们承诺以及断定某事一定将发生时。如达味的誓言，借着上主祂的天主，承诺妻子巴特舍巴她的儿子撒罗满成为他的王位和王国的继承人。
Conditions Of A Lawful Oath
合法誓言的条件
Although to constitute an oath it is sufficient to call God to witness, yet to constitute a holy and just oath many other conditions are required, which should be carefully explained. These, as St Jerome observes, are briefly enumerated in the words of Jeremias Thou shalt swear: as the Lord liveth, in truth and in judgment and in justice, words which briefly sum up all the conditions that constitute the perfection of an oath, namely, truth, judgment, justice.
尽管呼求天主见证，已经充分构成一个誓言，然而构成一个圣洁和正义的誓言，还需要其他的条件。如圣热罗尼莫所评论的，耶肋米亚先知的话里就包括这些条件，他说：若是你以诚实、公平和正义指著「上主永在」起誓。（耶肋米亚4:2）这句话就简要的构成了一个完美誓言的全部条件，那就是，诚实，公平，正义。
First Condition: Truth
第一条件：诚实
Truth, then, holds the first place in an oath What is asserted must be true and he who swears must believe what he swears to be true, being influenced not by rash judgment or mere conjecture, but by solid reasons.
诚实在誓言里占首位。所宣称的必须是真实的，宣誓人必须详细他宣誓的是真实的，不是鲁莽的判断或仅仅是猜测，而是牢固的理由
Truth is a condition not less necessary in a promissory than in an affirmatory oath He who promises must be disposed to perform and fulfil his promise at the appointed time As no conscientious man will promise to do what he considers opposed to the most holy Commandments and will of God; so, having promised and sworn to do what is lawful, he will never fail to adhere to his engagement, unless, perhaps by a change of circumstances it should happen that, if he wished to keep faith and observe his promises, he must incur the displeasure and enmity of God That truth is necessary to an oath David also declares in these words: He that sweareth to his neighbour, and deceiveth not.
在肯定性誓言和承诺性誓言中，诚实同等重要。做出承诺者必须在未来履行和满足他的承诺。如同有良心的人不会承诺做他认为违反了天主意志和至圣诫命的事，因此在承诺发誓去完成某项合法的事后，他绝不会做不到他的约定，除非，也许环境发生了改变，如果他要继续保持信仰，遵守约定的话，他必须招致天主的不快和敌意。诚实是一个誓言的必须，达味也说过如下的话：只有那行为正直，作事公平，从自己心里说诚实话的人，他不信口非议，危害兄弟，更不会对邻里，恃势诋欺。（圣咏15:4）
Second Condition: Judgment
第二条件：公平
The second condition of an oath is judgment. An oath is not to be taken rashly and inconsiderately, but after deliberation and reflection. When about to take an oath, therefore, one should first consider whether he is obliged to take it, and should weigh well the whole case, reflecting whether it seems to call for an oath. Many other circumstances of time, place, etc., are also to be taken into consideration; and one should not be influenced by love or hatred, or any other passion, but by the nature and necessity of the case.
一个誓言的第二条件是公平。不应鲁莽的不经考虑的发誓，而应精神集中，深思熟虑。在发誓之前，发誓人首先要考虑是不是被迫发誓，然后好好的权衡整件事，反思是否看起来在呼求天主。许多其他的条件，如时间、地点等等，也应被考虑进去，同时他也不能被爱恨或其他的激情所影响，只能考虑整件事的性质和必要性。
Unless this careful consideration and reflection precede, an oath must be rash and hasty; and of this character are the irreligious affirmations of those, who, on the most unimportant and trifling occasions, swear without thought or reason from the influence of bad habit alone. This we see practiced daily everywhere among buyers and sellers. The latter, to sell at the highest price, the former to purchase at the cheapest rate, make no scruple to strengthen with an oath their praise or dispraise of the goods on sale.
除非进行了仔细深入的思考，否则一个誓言就是鲁莽急躁的。这就属于那些不虔诚人们的发誓特征。他们在最不重要的琐事或场合下，毫不思考坏习惯的影响就发誓。我们在市场的买卖双方天天可以看到这种情况。卖家总是希望卖出最高的价格，买家总是希望买入最低的价格，他们为了加强赞扬或者贬低这些货物的效果时经常毫无顾虑的发誓。
Since, therefore, judgment and prudence are necessary, and since children are not able, on account of their tender years, to understand and judge accurately, Pope St. Cornelius decreed that an oath should not be administered to children before puberty, that is, before their fourteenth year.
因此，公正和审慎是必须的，并且儿童由于年幼不能理解和正确的做出判断。因此圣教宗科尔乃略有法令规定，在青春期之前的儿童是无需发誓的。
Third Condition: Justice
第三条件：正义
The last condition (of an oath) is justice, which is especially requisite in promissory oaths. Hence, if a person swear to do what is unjust or unlawful, he sins by taking the oath, and adds sin to sin by executing his promise.
誓言的最后一条是正义，这在承诺性誓言中是特别必需的。因此，如果有人发誓去做不正义或不合法的，他就因发誓而犯罪了，而且还会因执行他的誓言而罪上加罪。
Of this the Gospel supplies an example. King Herod, bound by a rash oath, gave to a dancing girl the head of John the Baptist as a reward for her dancing. Such was also the oath taken by the Jews, who, as we read in the Acts of the Apostles, bound themselves by oath not to eat, until they had killed Paul.
福音提供了一个例子。黑罗德王受到了一个鲁莽誓言的约束，把洗者若翰的头送给了舞女做回报。犹太人也发过这种誓言，我们在宗徒大事录里读到，他们发誓不吃不喝，直到他们杀了保禄。
Lawfulness Of Oaths
誓言的合法性
These explanations having been given, there can be no doubt that they who observe the above conditions and who guard their oaths with these qualities as with bulwarks, may swear with a safe conscience.
在给出了上述解释后，不会怀疑那些符合上述条件的，用这些像堡垒一样的品质保卫誓言的这些人，可以用安全的良心发誓。
This is easily established by many proofs. For the law of God, which is pure and holy, commands: Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God, and shalt serve him only, and thou shalt swear by his name. All they, writes David, shall be praised that swear by him.
这很容易的有许多的证明。因为天主的法律，是纯净又圣洁，命令我们：你要敬畏上主你的天主，只事奉他，只以他的名起誓。（申6:13）
The Scriptures also inform us that the most holy Apostles, the lights of the Church, sometimes made use of oaths, as appears from the Epistles of the Apostle.
圣经还告诉我们，这些最圣洁的宗徒们，作为教会之光，有时候也起誓言，如保禄书信中。
Even the Angels sometimes swear. The angel, writes St. John in the Apocalypse, swore by him who lives for ever.
甚至天神有时也发誓。圣若望默示录里，天神也指着永生者起誓。（默10:6）
Nay, God Himself, the Lord of Angels, swears, and, as we read in many passages of the Old Testament, has confirmed His promises with an oath. This He did to Abraham and to David. Of the oath sworn by God David says: The Lord hath sworn, and he will not repent: thou art a priest for ever according to the order of Melchisedech.
而且，天主祂自己，作为天神的主人，也起誓，就像我们在旧约中的许多篇章读到的，祂也用誓言确认祂的许诺，如对亚巴郎和达味。达味论天主的起誓说：上主一发了誓，他决不再反悔：你照默基瑟德品位，永做司祭！（圣咏110:5）
In fact, if we consider the whole matter attentively, and examine the origin and purpose of an oath, it can be no difficult matter to explain the reasons why it is a laudable act.
实际上，如果我们留心的考虑整件事，检查一个誓言的来源和目的，那么解释为何誓言是一个值得赞美的行为，就不是一件困难的事情。
An oath has its origin in faith, by which men believe God to be the author of all truth, who can never deceive others nor be deceived, to whose eyes all things are naked and open, who, in fine, superintends all human affairs with an admirable providence, and governs the world. Filled with this faith we appeal to God as a witness of the truth, as a witness whom it would be wicked and impious to distrust.
誓言的根源在信仰，人们通过信仰相信天主是一切真理的作者，祂从不骗人，也不可能被骗，在天主的眼里，一切事物都是无遮掩的和敞开的。 祂很好的用令人钦崇的神意监督一切人类事务，统治整个世界。充满着信仰，我们向天主呼求，由于存在一个邪恶且不虔信的见证人，因此请天主作为诚实的见证。
With regard to the end of an oath, its scope and intent is to establish the justice and innocence of man, and to terminate disputes and contests. This is the doctrine of the Apostle in his Epistle to the Hebrews.
关于誓言的目的，它的范围和意向就是建立人的正义和无玷，终结争端和竞争。这是宗徒在他对希伯来人书里的信理。
An Objection Against Oaths
对誓言的反对
Nor does this doctrine at all clash with these words of the Redeemer, recorded in St. Matthew: You have heard that it was said to them of old: "Thou shalt not foreswear thyself, but thou shalt perform thy oaths to the Lord"; but I say to you not to swear at all; neither by heaven, for it is the throne of God; neither by the earth, for it is his footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great king; neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black. But let your speech be "yea, yea"; "no, no"; and that which is over and above these is of evil.
本信理完全没有与救主的话冲突，圣玛窦记载说：我却对你们说：你们总不可发誓：不可指天，因为天是天主的宝座；不可指地，因为地是他的脚凳；不可指耶路撒冷，因为她是大王的城市；36也不可指你的头发誓，因为你不能使一根头发变白或变黑。你们的话该当是：是就说是，非就说非；其他多余的，便是出于邪恶。（玛窦5:34）
It cannot be asserted that these words condemn oaths universally and under all circumstances, since we have already seen that the Apostles and our Lord Himself made frequent use of them. The object of our Lord was rather to reprove the perverse opinion of the Jews, who had persuaded themselves that the only thing to be avoided in an oath was a lie. Hence in matters the most trivial and unimportant they did not hesitate to make frequent use of oaths, and to exact them from others. This practice the Redeemer condemns and reprobates, and teaches that an oath is never to be taken unless necessity require it. For oaths have been instituted on account of human frailty. They are really the outcome of evil, being a sign either of the inconstancy of him who takes them, or of the obstinacy of him who refuses to believe without them. However, an oath can be justified by necessity.
不可以断言说这些话谴责了普遍的，任何情况下的誓言，因为我们已经看到宗徒们和上主祂自己经常使用誓言。我们主说这些话的目的更是为了谴责犹太人那些不正当的观念，祂在劝说他们发誓时唯一要避免的就是撒谎。因此，在最不重要和琐碎的事情上，他们毫不犹豫的频繁发誓，并强求别人发誓。这种做法是救主反对和谴责的，并教导他们除非必要，否则绝不发誓。因为誓言是由于人类的软弱而设立的。那些顽固拒绝相信誓言的，善变的人所发的誓言，真的是出自邪恶的产物。然而，依着必要性，誓言是有正当性的。
When our Lord says: Let your speech be "yea, yea"; "no, no," He evidently forbids the habit of swearing in familiar conversation and on trivial matters. He therefore admonishes us particularly against being too ready and willing to swear; and this should be carefully explained and impressed on the minds of the faithful. That countless evils grow out of the unrestrained habit of swearing is proved by the evidence of Scripture, and the testimony of the most holy Fathers. Thus we read in Ecclesiasticus: Let not thy mouth be accustomed to swearing, for in it there are many falls; and again: A man that sweareth much shall be filled with iniquity, and a scourge shall not depart from his house. In the works of St. Basil and St. Augustine against lying, much more can be found on this subject.
因此，当我们的主说：是就说是，非就说非。祂明显是禁止那些在闲聊中和琐事中的发誓习惯。因而祂告诫我们特别不要太快太乐意发誓。这一点要详细的给信友解释，并加深在他们的脑海中。圣经中的例子和许多圣父的证据，有数不清的邪恶出自于毫无约束的发誓习惯。在德训篇里说：不要让你的口习惯起誓，因为如此反增加许多过失。（德23:9）时常起誓的人，必恶贯满盈，他的家庭必会遭殃。（德23:12）在大圣巴西略和圣奥斯定的关于反对谎言的著作里，可以找到很多相关本主题的内容。
Negative Part of this Commandment
本诫命的否定部分
So far we have considered what this Commandment requires. It now remains to speak of what it prohibits; namely, to take the name of God in vain. It is clear that he who swears rashly and without deliberation commits a grave sin. That this is a most serious sin is declared by the words: Thou shalt not take the name of thy God in vain, which seem to assign the reason why this crime is so wicked and heinous; namely, that it derogates from the majesty of Him whom we profess to recognise as our Lord and our God. This Commandment, therefore, forbids to swear falsely, because he who does not shrink from so great a crime as to appeal to God to witness falsehood, offers a grievous Injury to God, charging Him either with ignorance, as though the truth of any matter could be unknown to Him, or with malice and dishonesty, as though God could bear testimony to falsehood.
截至目前，我们已经考虑了本诫命的要求部分。剩下的就是本诫命的禁止部分；也就是说，不可妄呼上主你天主的名。很明显的，一旦谁鲁莽的不计思考发誓，就是犯了一个重罪。根据这些话：不可妄呼上主你天主的名，判断出这是一个非常严重的罪行，很邪恶，很发指。因为这个行为损害了天主的尊威，我们宣认祂是我们的上主天主。本诫命因此，禁止假誓言，因为任何人发假誓言，就是想让天主做伪证，极严重的伤害了天主，使天主背负了无知和不诚实的名声，好像天主还有不知道的真相，又好像天主做了假见证一样。
Various Ways In Which Cod's Name Is Dishonoured: False Oaths
使天主之名蒙羞的假誓言的不同类别
Among false swearers are to be numbered not only those who affirm as true what they know to be false, but also those who swear to what is really true, believing it to be false. For since the essence of a lie consists in speaking contrary to one's belief and conviction, these persons are evidently guilty of a lie, and of perjury.
在发假誓的人中，不仅有明知为假却发誓为真的人，也有明知是真却相信是假的人。因为，一个谎言的本质就是对外所说的与内心所信的相反，这些人明显是犯了说谎的罪和伪证罪。
On the same principle, he who swears to that which he thinks to be true, but which is really false, also incurs the guilt of perjury, unless he has used proper care and diligence to arrive at a full knowledge of the matter. Although he swears according to his belief, he nevertheless sins against this Commandment.
同样的原则，有些人发誓绝对是事实，但其实是假的，也招致了伪证罪，除非他恰当的留意，并且审慎的达到了最大程度的认知，尽管他根据自己做的结论发誓，他并没有违反本条诫命。
Again, he who binds himself by oath to the performance of anything, not intending to fulfil his promise, or, having had the intention, neglect its performance, guilty of the same sin. This equally applies to those who, having bound themselves to God by vow, neglect its fulfilment.
另外，那些发誓要实施完成某些事的，如果没有意向去履行他的承诺，或者有这个意向，却疏于实施的，也犯了同样的罪。这同样的原则应用于那些向天主发了修道誓，却没有满全的人。
Unjust Oaths
不正义的誓言
This Commandment is also violated, if justice, which is one of the three conditions of an oath, be wanting.
如果缺少一个誓言的三个条件之一的正义，本诫命也被违反了。
Hence he who swears to commit a mortal sin, for example, to perpetrate murder, violates this Commandment, even though he speak seriously and from his heart, and his oath possess what we before pointed out as the first condition of every oath, that is, truth.
因而凡是发誓要犯大罪的，比如去实施谋杀，就违反了本条诫命，甚至他只要严肃的从内心认真的说出来时，他的誓言就符合了我们之前指出的誓言第一条件，诚实。
To these are to be added oaths sworn through a sort of contempt, such as an oath not to observe the Evangelical counsels, such as celibacy and poverty. None, it is true, are obliged to embrace these divine counsels, but by swearing not to observe them, one contemns and despises them.
还应补充，那些通过某种蔑视而发的誓言也是不正义的，比如发誓不遵守福音劝谕，如独身和神贫。虽然的确，并不是每人被约束要遵守福音劝谕，但如果发誓不遵守它们，这人就是蔑视和厌恶它们。
Rash Oaths
鲁莽的发誓
This Commandment is also sinned against, and judgment is violated when one swears to what is true and what he believes to be true if his motives are light conjectures and far-fetched reasons. For, notwithstanding its truth, such an oath is not unmixed with a sort of falsehood, seeing that he who swears with such indifference exposes himself to extreme danger of perjury.
如果一个人发誓某事和他相信的是真实的，但是他的动机缺少推理，远离理性，他也违反了本条诫命，犯了罪。因为尽管所说的是真实，但是这样的誓言依然掺杂了一些谎言，因为发誓人的如此冷漠漠视事实，将自己暴露于伪证罪的极端危险下。
Oaths By False Gods
指着假神发誓
To swear by false gods is likewise to swear falsely. What more opposed to truth than to appeal to lying and false deities as to the true God?
指着假神发誓同样的是虚假誓言。还有什么能向虚假的撒谎的假神而不是真天主求助更冲突真理的事？
Irreverent Speech
不尊敬的言说
Scripture when it prohibits perjury, says: Thou shalt not profane the name of thy God, thereby forbidding all irreverence towards all other things to which, in accordance with this Commandment, reverence is due. Of this nature is the Word of God, the majesty of which has been revered not only by the pious, but also sometimes by the impious, as is narrated in Judges of Eglon, King of the Moabites.
圣经中禁止伪证罪是这样说的：不要奉我的名妄发虚誓，而亵渎你天主的名字。根据本条诫命，因此对一切应予天主尊敬的表现出不尊敬。天主的圣言就是这样的本质，虔诚者应尊重天主的尊威，有时候不虔诚者也如此，比如在民长纪中的摩阿布王厄革隆对待神谕的态度。
But he who, to support heresy and the teaching of the wicked, distorts the Sacred Scriptures from their genuine and true meaning, is guilty of the greatest injury to the Word of God; and against this crime we are warned by these words of the Prince of the Apostles: There are certain things hard to be understood. which the unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other Scriptures, to their own destruction.
但是谁支持异端和这些邪恶者的教导，错误曲解圣经的真正的含义，他就对天主圣言犯了最严重的罪；宗徒之长警告过我们这种罪行：在这些书信内，有些难懂的地方，不学无术和站立不稳的人，便加以曲解，一如曲解其他经典一样，而自趋丧亡。（伯后3:16）
It is also a foul and shameful contamination of the Scripture, that wicked men pervert the words and sentences which it contains, and which should be honoured with all reverence, turning them to profane purposes, such as scurrility, fable, vanity, flattery, detraction, divination, satire and the like -- crimes which the Council of Trent commands to be severely punished.
还有一种厌恶和可耻的污染圣经的做法，就是邪恶者歪曲字句中包含的意义，这本应是用全部的尊重来荣耀的，但却被变成亵渎的目的，如粗俗，虚构，空虚，谄媚，损减，占卜，讽刺挖苦等，这是特伦多大公会议命令应被严厉惩罚的罪行。
Neglect Of Prayer
祈祷的忽视
In the next place, as they honour God who, in their affliction implore His help, so they, who do not invoke His aid, deny Him due honour; and these David rebukes when he says: They have not called upon the Lord, they trembled for fear where there was no fear.
接下来，那些在受折磨时呼求天主帮助的人，是在荣耀天主，因此，那些不乞求天主援助，就是拒绝祂应当的荣耀之人。达味斥责这些人时说：总不呼号天主的人，岂不是愚蠢糊涂？在不应惊慌之处，他们反倒惊惶发呆。（圣咏53:5）
Blasphemy
亵渎
Still more enormous is the guilt of those who, with impure and defiled lips, dare to curse or blaspheme the holy name of God-that name which is to be blessed and praised above measure by all creatures, or even the names of the Saints who reign with Him in glory.' So atrocious and horrible is this crime that the Sacred Scriptures, sometimes when speaking of blasphemy use the word blessing.
然而那些用不纯洁和玷污的唇舌，胆敢诅咒或亵渎天主圣名的人犯了巨大的罪行，这圣名应该是所有的被造物无可衡量的用来称颂和赞美的，哪怕是玷污圣人之名也不行，因为他们是与天主一起受光荣并统治的。这种凶残可怕的罪行，在圣经中有时把亵渎用“祝福”这词代替。
Sanction of this Commandment
本诫命的实施
As, however, the dread of punishment has often a powerful effect in checking the tendency to sin, the pastor, in order the more effectively to move the minds of men and the more easily to induce to an observance of this Commandment, should diligently explain the remaining words, which are, as it were, its appendix: For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that shall take the name of the Lord his God in vain.
因为，惩罚的可怕经常对省察犯罪倾向起到很有效的作用，牧者为了更有效的转移人们的心思，使其更容易的遵守本条诫命，就应该勤勉的解释本诫命的补充：因为凡妄呼他名的人，上主决不让他们免受惩罚。
In the first place (the pastor) should teach that with very good reason has God joined threats to this Commandment. From this is understood both the grievousness of sin and the goodness of God toward us, since far from rejoicing in man's destruction, He deters us by these salutary threats from incurring His anger, doubtless in order that we may experience His kindness rather than His wrath. The pastor should urge and insist on this consideration with greatest earnestness. in order that the faithful may be made sensible of the grievousness of the crime, may detest it still more, and may employ increased care and caution to avoid its commission.
首先，牧者应教导，天主把这个威胁加入本条诫命是有非常好的理由的。从这里就理解了，罪的严重性和天主对我们的美善，因为天主非常不愿意看到人的毁灭，因此祂使用这些有益的威胁阻止我们引起祂的愤怒，毫无疑问是为了我们经历到祂的美善而不是祂的义怒。牧者应该真诚的力劝并坚持这个意见，为了信友能够对这个罪行的严重性有所感受，能更恼恨此罪，能采用加倍的关切和注意避免犯罪。
He should also observe how prone men are to this sin, since it was not sufficient to give the command, but also necessary to accompany it with threats. The advantages to be derived from this thought are indeed incredible; for as nothing is more injurious than a listless security, so the knowledge of our own weakness is most profitable.
他还应注意到，人们是多么倾向于犯这个罪。因此给出诫命是不够的，还有必要配以威胁。从这个想法中衍生出的益处是难以想象的，由于没什么能比疏于安全更有害的，因此关于我们弱点的知识是最有益处的。
He should next show that God has appointed no particular punishment. The threat is general; it declares that whoever is guilty of this crime shall not escape unpunished. The various chastisements, therefore, with which we are every day visited, should warn us against this sin. It is easy to conjecture that men are afflicted with heavy calamities because they violate this Commandment; and if these things are called to their attention, it is likely that they will be more careful for the future.
他下一步应展示，天主没有指定特别的惩罚。这个威胁是通用的；它宣告了任何人犯了这个罪都不能逃脱惩罚。因此，我们每天所遇见的各种惩罚都对这个罪警告我们。很容易推理出那些受严重惩罚的人们是因为他们违反了本条诫命；如果这些惩罚引起了他们的关注，那他们以后就会更加关切本诫命。
Deterred, therefore, by a holy dread, the faithful should use every exertion to avoid this sin. If for every idle word that men shall speak, they shall render an account on the day of judgment, what shall we say of those heinous crimes which involve great contempt of the divine name?
因此，靠着来自神圣畏惧的威胁，信友应竭力避免犯此罪。如果因为所说的每句闲话，他们都要在审判之日接受裁决，那么我们对蔑视天主圣名的发指罪行能说什么呢？
